ืžื’ืข ืคื™ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ื ืฉื•ืื™ื
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ืžื’ืข ืคื™ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ื ืฉื•ืื™ื

ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ: 21 ื‘ื“ืฆืžืณ 2022


ืจืืฉื™ ืคืจืงื™ื:

ื. ื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื”

ื‘. ื‘ื™ืื” ื“ืจืš ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื

ื’. ืžืขืฉื” ืขืจ ื•ืื•ื ืŸ

ื“. ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืฉื—ืชื”


ื. ื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื”

ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื ื“ืจื™ื ืื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื›ื›ืœืœ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื˜ื™ืœื” ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืชืฉืžื™ืฉื ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื•, ื•'ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื“ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืืฉืชื• ืขื•ืฉื”'. ืื•ืœื, ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืืžืจื• ืื›ืŸ ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืกื™ื™ื’ ื•ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื ืืฃ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื–ืจืข ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ.


ื”ื˜ื•ืจ (ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื›ื”) ืžืกื›ื ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืคื•ืชื— ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื“ืขื” ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืกืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื[1]:

ื•ืืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืžื•ืชืจืช ืœื•, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืจืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืืฉืชื• ืขื•ืฉื”, ื‘ื•ืขืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืฉื™ืจืฆื” ื•ืžื ืฉืง ื‘ื›ืœ ืื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืจืฆื”, ื•ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื“ืจื›ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื–ืจืข ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื•ืจ"ื™ ืคื™ืจืฉ ื“ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื–ืจืข ื ืžื™ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืžืฉ ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื”, ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื ืจื’ื™ืœ ื›ืŸ, ืืœื ืืงืจืื™ ื‘ืขืœืžื ืฉืžืชืื•ื” ืœืืฉืชื• ืœืฉืžืฉ ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื” ืืœื ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ื›ืš...

ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœืชื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื–ื•: ืœื“ืขื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืกืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžืขืฉื™ ืฉื™ื™ื ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื™ื•ืชื ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืœื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœื“ืขืช ืจ"ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื–ื• ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช ื›ืœืœ.


ื‘. ื‘ื™ืื” ื“ืจืš ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื

ืื•ืœื ืžืกืงื ื” ื–ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ. ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจ"ื™ ื ืืžืจื• ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื ื”ื™ืชืจื• ื–ื” ื—ืœ ืืฃ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžืขืฉื™ ื”ืชืงืจื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืื•ืชื ื›ื™ื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ 'ื‘ื™ืื” ื“ืจืš ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื'.

ืžื ื™ืกื•ื— ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉืœืขื™ืœ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ื™ื™ืง ื›ื™ ืจ"ื™ ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ื• ื•ื›ื™ ืœื“ืขืชื• ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื–ืจืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืงืจืื™ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื” ืชืงืฃ ืืฃ ืœื‘ื™ืื” ื“ืจืš ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื›ืš ืื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ื”'ื“ืจื™ืฉื”' ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื—ืœ ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื”[2].

ืื•ืœื, ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืžื•ื‘ืืช ื“ืขืช ื”ืคื ื™ ืžืฉื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื™ืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื (ืื”ืข"ื– ื›ื”' ื‘'), ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืจ"ื™ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื” ื‘ื“ื•ื•ืงื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื—ื™ืœื• ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืื” ื“ืจืš ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื.


ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื”ื "ืœ ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื”ื ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืื” ื“ืจืš ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืœ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” (ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืขืจื™ื•ืช, ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ืื” ื•ื›ื•')[3], ืฉืžืžื ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•. ื‘'ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื' ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคื ื™ ืžืฉื” ืœืœื ื—ื•ืœืง, ื•ืื•ืœื ืžื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ืคืกืงื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ื”ื‘ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื[4].

ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ืฆื“ื“ื™ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช, ื ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ"ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื.


ื’. ืžืขืฉื” ืขืจ ื•ืื•ื ืŸ

ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช (ื“ืฃ ืœื“,ื‘) ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ื›ื™ ืขืจ ื•ืื•ื ืŸ ื ืขื ืฉื• ืขืœ ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉื• ืขื ืชืžืจ ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื”. ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขืžื“ื• ืขืœ ื”ืกืชื™ืจื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื‘ื™ืขื” ื–ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื ื“ืจื™ื ื›,ื‘) ื”ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ืœืื“ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ืขื ืืฉืชื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื”.

ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืขืœ ืืชืจ (ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืœื“,ื‘ ื“"ื” 'ื•ืœื ื›ืžืขืฉื” ืขืจ ื•ืื•ื ืŸ'), ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจ"ื™ ืฉื”ืฆื™ืข ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืกืชื™ืจื” ื–ื•. ืœืชื™ืจื•ืฆื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืžื•ืชืจ ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื• (ืœืœื ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข), ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื–ืจืข ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื‘ื™ืื” ื–ื• ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ืขื•ื•ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื ืชืคืฉื• ืขืจ ื•ืื•ื ืŸ.

"ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืจ"ื™ ื“ื”ืชื (ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื ื“ืจื™ื) ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ืœื ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข โ€“ ื“ืฉืจื™, ื“ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื“ืœื™ื›ื ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื–ืจืข ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืžืขืฉื” ืขืจ ื•ืื•ื ืŸ"

ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื ื“ืจื™ื ื”ืชืžืงื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ืœืืฉืชื•, ื•ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœื›ืš ืงื‘ืขื” ื›ื™ 'ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืื“ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ืืฉืชื• ืขื•ืฉื”', ื•ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืื” ืืกื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืœืืฉืชื• ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื”. ืื•ืœื, ืื™ืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื›ืš ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืชื™ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื•, ื•ืื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื ืขื ืฉื• ืขืจ ื•ืื•ื ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื–ืจืข, ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจ"ืŸ (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื ื—,ื‘ ื“"ื” ื•ืžื™ ืื™ื›ื ืžื™ื“ื™):

ืฉืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื” ืื™ื ื” ืขืจื•ื”, ื•ืื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื–ืจืข, ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื•. ื•ืžืื™ ื“ืืžืจื• ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืชื™ืจืชืš ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืจื•ื” ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื–ืจืข...

ื‘ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื• ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืข ืจ"ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ืœืคื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉื‘ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื ื“ืจื™ื ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•: ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืœืืฉืชื• ื”ื’ื ืฉื”ืžืขืฉื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข. ืœื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืจ"ื™ ื›ื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื˜ืื ืฉืœ ืขืจ ื•ืื•ื ืŸ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื:

"ื•ืขื•ื“ ืื•ืžืจ ืจ"ื™, ื“ืœื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืžืขืฉื” ืขืจ ื•ืื•ื ืŸ ืืœื ื›ืฉืžืชื›ื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืช ื–ืจืข, ื•ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืงืจืื™ ื‘ืขืœืžื, ื•ืžืชืื•ื•ื” ืœื‘ื•ื ืขืœ ืืฉืชื• ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉืจื™, ื›ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื ื“ืจื™ื, ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื“ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืืฉืชื• ื™ืขืฉื”..."[5]

โ€“ ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉื‘ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื ื“ืจื™ื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœ ืื“ื ื”ืžืชืื•ื•ื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ืืช ืืฉืชื• ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื”, ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืงืจืื™ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืœื ืชืื•ื•ืชื•, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืขืจ ื•ืื•ื ืŸ ืฉื™ืžืฉื• ื›ืš ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ื•ืช[6], ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืืช ื–ืจืขื ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืืฉื” ืœื ืชืชืขื‘ืจ ื•ืœื ืชื•ืœื™ื“[7].


ืื ืœืคื™ ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจ"ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื–ืจืข ืžืงื™ืฃ ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื‘ื• ื”ืื“ื ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื–ืจืข ืžื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืื” ื›ื“ืจื›ื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืœืชื™ืจื•ืฆื• ื”ืฉื ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืœ ืจืง ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ืื“ื ืžืฉื—ื™ืช ืืช ื–ืจืขื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื‘ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ื•ืœื“ื”[8].


ืžื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ"ื™ ื ืจืื” ืœืฆื“ื“ ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœืขื™ืœ, ืœืคื™ื• ื”ื™ืชืจื• ืฉืœ ืจ"ื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื” ืชืงืฃ ืืฃ ืœื‘ื™ืื” ื“ืจืš ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื–ืจืข ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื• ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ื˜ืื ืฉืœ ืขืจ ื•ืื•ื ืŸ.


ื“. ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืฉื—ืชื”

ื•ืื•ืœื ืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืกืงื ื” ื–ื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื ื ืืžืจ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื–ืจืข ื‘ืืงืจืื™ ืœืฉื ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืชืื•ื•ื” ืžื•ืชืจืช, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืืฃ ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืžืžืฉ:

"ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื–ืจืข ื›ืฉืžื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ, ืžืื™ ื˜ืขืžื ืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ื’ืข ื‘ืืžื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชื™ืŸ, ื•ืžืื™ ื˜ืขืžื ืืกื•ืจ ืœืจื›ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื’ืžืœื™ื, ื•ืœืžื™ื’ื ื™ ืืคืจืงื™ื“ โ€“ ื•ื’ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื” ื™ืงืฉื” ืžืื™ ื˜ืขืžื ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื? ืžืื™ ืฉื ื ืžืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืชืื•ื•ืชื•..." (ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื”, ืื”ืข"ื– ืกื™ืžืŸ ืกื“).

ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจื‘ ืคื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ืŸ, ืื ื• ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ืชืจื• ืฉืœ ืจ"ื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืชืงืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉ ืœืืฉืชื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื™ืฉื•ืช, ื•ื–ืืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืชืงืจื‘ื•ืช ื–ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื ืฆืจืš:

"ืฉื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืื™ืฉ ืขื ืืฉืชื•, ื”ืชื™ืจื” ืชื•ืจื” ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื’ื ื–ื” ืฉืžืชืื•ื” ืœื‘ืขื•ืœ ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื” ื›ืฆื•ืจืš ื•ืื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœื” ื•ืžื•ืชืจ... ื“ืžืชื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืœืชืื•ืช ื™ืฆืจื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืื™ืฉ ื•ืืฉืชื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžื—ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืงืจื" (ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื”, ืื”ืข"ื– ืกื™ืžืŸ ืกื’).

ืื•ืœื ืื ื ืืžืจ ื›ืŸ, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืฉื•ื‘ ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœืืžืฅ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคื ื™ ืžืฉื” ืœืคื™ื• ื”ื™ืชืจื• ืฉืœ ืจ"ื™ ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื. ืื ื”ื™ืชืจื• ืฉืœ ืจ"ื™ ื ื•ื’ืข ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื–ืจืข ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืกื’ืจืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœื” ื•ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ืฉื—ืชื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืืœื ืžื” ืฉื—ื™ื“ืฉื” ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ. ืื ื›ืš, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืฉื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืื›ืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ื• ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš ื•ืœื”ื—ื™ืœื• ืืฃ ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืื” ื“ืจืš ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื. ื›ืžืกืงื ื” ื–ื• ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื“ื™ื™ืง ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘[9]:

"ื•ืœื ืงืฉื” ื”ื ื”ื•ื™ ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื–ืจืข, ื“ืžืฉื›ื‘ื™ ืืฉื” ื›ืชื™ื‘, ื“ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืœื ืžื™ืงืจื™ ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื–ืจืข ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”, ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชืขื‘ืจ" (ืžืจื•ืžื™ ืฉื“ื”, ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื ื—,ื‘, ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืืœื• ื‘ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื‘ ืคื—).

ืื•ืœื, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจ"ื™ ืฉื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ืœื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื” ื ืœืžื“ ื‘ืžื” ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืžืžื” ืฉื”ืชื™ืจื” ืชื•ืจื” ืœื‘ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื™ืœื“, ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ืจื™"ื“ (ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ื™ื‘ ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘') ืฉืขืฆื ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื‘ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืกื‘ืจื ื–ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืงื™ื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื–ืจืข ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื•:"... ืื™ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืขืฉื” ืขืจ ื•ืื•ื ืŸ ืฉืืกืจื” ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœื ืชืชืขื‘ืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืคื™ื”, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืคืจื™ื” ื•ืจื‘ื™ื” ืžืžื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœื ืชื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืกื›ื ื” ืžื•ืชืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืžื™ ืื ืžืชื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืœืชืื•ืช ื™ืฆืจื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ืชืชืขื‘ืจ ืžื•ืชืจ, ... ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื“ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืืฉืชื• ืขื•ืฉื”, ื•ืœื ื™ืงืจื ืžืฉื—ื™ืช ื–ืจืขื•, ืฉืื™ืœื• ื›ืŸ ืืœ ื™ืฉื›ื‘ ืื“ื ืขื ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ืžืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื•ืขืงืจื”"[10].


ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ื•, ืœืคื™ื” ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื–ืจืข ื›ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืช, ื•ื–ืืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื™ื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื™ืฉื•ืช ื“ื•ืงื, ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฉื•"ืข. ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ืืชืจ (ืื‘ื”ืข"ื– ื›ื” ื‘) ื›ื™ ืžื”ื™ืชืจื• ืฉืœ ืจ"ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืœืื“ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฆื•ืจืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื–ืจืข ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ืš ืงื•ื‘ืข ื”ืขื–ืจ ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ (ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ื›ื’), ื›ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ"ื™ ืื™ื ื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืืช ืื™ืฉ ื•ืืฉืชื•, ื•ื›ื™ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจ"ื™ "ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“"[11],[12].


ื”ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ืขืช ืจ"ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืž"ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• (ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ื›"ื”, ื‘) ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื™ื™ืง ืฉืคืกืง ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื“ืขืชื• ื–ื• ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ[13].


ื‘ื”ื›ืจืขืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืชื•ืืจื• ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœืขื™ืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืชืงืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืงื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขื•ื ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืžื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”[14]. ื•ืืžื ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืคืจื™ืฆื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืจื ื• ื•'ืงื ืืช ื™ืจืš ืžื—ื‘ื™ืจืชื”', ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœืžืฉื•ืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืงื•ืœื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื”ืชืื•ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ื•ื›ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืคืจื•ืฅ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ ืขื•ื ืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ื›ื™ "ืฉืœื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืœื”ืงืœ ื•ืœื ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ"[15]. ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืฆื“ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื–ืจืข ืœื‘ื˜ืœื” ื•ืœืœื ืฆื•ืจืš, ืืš ื›ืœ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื‘ื˜ืœื” ื•ื›ืœืœ ืื™ื ื• ืืกื•ืจ[16].

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืชื•ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื:

"ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื™ืืžืจื• ืœื•"

(ืื”ืข"ื– ื›ื”, ื‘)[17].



ย 

ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘: ื”ืจื‘ ื“"ืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืจื•ื ืก, ืจื‘ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืฉ, ืžืจืฆื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืžื›ืœืœื•ืช.

ย 

1. ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื (ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื‘ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื™ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš) ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื™ืจืกื ืื—ืจืช ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ื•ืœืคื™ื• ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื–ื”ื” ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืจ"ื™. ื’ื™ืจืกื ื–ื• ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื“ ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื โ€“ ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื ืคืจื ืงืœ.


2. ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื‘ืจื™ืฉ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื›ื’, ื•ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ื›ื” ื’, ืืฃ ืžื“ื™ื™ืง ืžื›ืืŸ ื›ื™ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ 'ื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื”' ืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื” 'ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ' ื‘ื“ื•ื•ืงื, ืืœื ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื›ืœืœื™ ืœื›ืœืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื›ื“ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ.


3. ื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื“ืจืš ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœืžืขืฉื” ืคืจื™ืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืžื, ืจืื• ืจืžื‘"ื ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืื” ื›ื ื˜.


4. ืœืคื™ ืžื ื”ื’ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื—ืชืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื•ืขืœ ืืช ื‘ืขื™ืœืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืขื“ ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืžื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ืžืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื”. ื”ืžื”ืจ"ื ืžื™ื ืฅ (ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžื˜) ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘ ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืชืŸ ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืืœ ืืฉืชื• ื•ืืฃ ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื” ื“ืจืš ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื. ื•ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื—ืœืงืช ื™ืขืงื‘ (ืื”ืข"ื– ืคื•) ืืฃ ื‘ื™ืืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื ื•ืกื“ ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื”: "ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื ืืกืจื” ืขืœื™ื• ื›ื ื“ื”... ื•ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืื™ื–ื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœืฉื—ืง ืขืžื” ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืง ื•ื ื™ืฉื•ืง ื•ืฉืืจื™ ืงืจื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืœืฉืžื—ื”, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืืจื™ืš ืžื”ืจ"ื ืžืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื“ื’ื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื™ ืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ืžื–ื” ื ืชืคืฉื˜ ืžื ื”ื’ ืฉืœื ืœื”ื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ ืขืžื” ืชื™ื›ืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืื™ื–ื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ืฉืืจื™ ืžื™ื ื™ ืงืจื™ื‘ื•ืช". ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื™ื“ ื”ืœื•ื™ (ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ื›) ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ื ืžื™ื ืฅ ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืจ ื•ืงืฆื™ืขื” (ืื•"ื— ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืค) ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืžื ื”ื’ ื–ื” ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื’ื ื•ืชื•, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื–ืืช ื‘ื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืจ"ื™ ื”ืžืชื™ืจ ื‘ืืงืจืื™ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ืฉืœื ืœื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืฉื—ืชื”.

(ืืžื ื ื”ื™ื“ ื”ืœื•ื™ ืฆื™ืจืฃ ืืฃ ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืจื—ื•ืงื” ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ื”ื›ืœื” ืชืชืขื‘ืจ ืืฃ ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื–ื•). ืœืื•ืจ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื•ื”ืคื ื™ ืžืฉื”, ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื›ื™ ืื—ืช ืžื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืžื ื”ื’ (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉ"ืš ื™ื•"ื“ ืงืฆื‘ ื™ื) ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื”ื–ืจืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืื” ื“ืจืš ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื.


5. ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื ื— ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื“"ื” ืžื™ ืื™ื›ื ืžื™ื“ื™ ื ืืžืจ: "ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ืืกื™ืจ ืืœื ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืš ืฉืœื ืชืชืขื‘ืจ ื•ื™ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืคื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืจื•ื‘ ืชืฉืžื™ืฉื• ื›ื“ืจื›ื” ืืœื ืฉื‘ืืงืจืื™ ืžืชืื•ื” ืœื” ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉืจื™"


6. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘ (ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ ืคื—) ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื”ืฉื—ืชื”: "ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ื‘ืืžืช ืื™ืŸ ื ืคืงื ืžื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืงืจืื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืžื™ื“ื•ืช โ€“ ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืืงืจืื™ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืช ื–ืจืข... ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืชืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ืืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืช ื”ื–ืจืข". ื‘ื“ืจืš ื“ื•ืžื” ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื ื”ืจื‘ ืคื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจ"ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช "ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ืืงืจืื™" (ืื”ืข"ื– ื“,ืข), ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื‘ืขืœื” ืฉืœ ืืฉื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ืขืžื• ืœืœื ืžื•ืš ืœืฉืžืฉ ืขืžื” ื‘ืžื•ืš ื‘ืชืžื™ื“ื•ืช.


7. ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื• ืœืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื ื—,ื‘ ื“"ื” ืžื™ ืื™ื›ื) ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื›ื™ ื›ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื›ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ืื•"ื— ืจ"ืž, ื”, ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉ"ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืงืฆืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ื™ื•ื ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื• ืœืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื›"ื™ ืฉื"). ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืจืกืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ื•, ื›ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื“ ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื, ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ ืžืคื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื–ืจืข ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื”, ื•ืจืื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ืขืจื” 1. ื•ื”ื ื” ืื ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ื™ื ื›ื“ืขืช ืจ"ื™, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉื ืชืงืฉื• ื‘ื”ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ืื ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื ืงืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœืฉืืช ืงื˜ื ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ื ื•ืฉืื”: ืื ื ื•ืฉืื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ื” ืื• ืžืชื›ืœื™ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืื—ืจืช ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ื›ืœ ืคืกื•ืœ, ืื•ืœื ืื ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื ื•ืฉืื” ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ื”ืจื™ ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”. (ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช [ืคืจืง ื ื”ืขืจื” ืงืฆื•] ืฉื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื“ื•ืžื”).


8. ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื›ื›ืœืœ ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉืืœืช ืžืงื•ืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”. ื™ืฉ ื”ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื• ื—ืœืง ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื™ื” ื•ืจื‘ื™ื”, ืžืขื™ืŸ 'ืœืื• ื”ื‘ื ืžื›ืœืœ ืขืฉื”' ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• (ืจ"ืช ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื ื˜,ื‘ ื“"ื” ื•ื”ื ืคืจื™ื” ื•ืจื‘ื™ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืจื"ืฉ ืฉื. ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืืฃ ืืช ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื‘ื ื“ื” ื™ื’, ืจืื• ืคืกืงื™ื ื•ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื”ืข"ื– ืกื‘), ื•ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืฆืžืื™ ืœื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ืจืข ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืœืจื™ืง ืขืœ ืฉื•ื ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ("ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืช ื–ืจืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืœ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื• ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื", ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ืืฉ (ื, ืงืกื‘, ืื•ืช ื›ื–), ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื“ื•ืžื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืขืจื•ืš ืœื ืจ (ื ื“ื” ื™ื’,ื) (ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ืืฉ ื–ื”ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื•ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืื™ื ื ืืœื ืืกืžื›ืชืื•ืช ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื”, ื•ืืœื• ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืขืจื•ืš ืœื ืจ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ 'ื‘ืœ ืชืฉื—ื™ืช').


ื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืœืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจ"ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืงื•ืจ ื•ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื• ื›ื™ ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืฉืชื™ ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื™ื• ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื”ื‘ื ื” ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืจืื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ืืฉ (ืฉื ืื•ืช ื›ื—), ื•ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืš ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœืžื” (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื—' ื˜', ืื•ืช ืžื“').


9. ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืื’"ืž ื ืจืื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืจื— ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืŸ. ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื™ื“ืฉื” ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืชืงืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ืœืืฉื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืจื— ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื”ื• ืจืง ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื ืจืื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืชืื•ื•ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืžืชื™ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ืืฃ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžืขืฉื” ืžื’ื•ื ื” ื•ื›ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ื”ืžื”, ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื›ืš ื‘ืง"ื• ืืฃ ืœื‘ื™ืื” ื“ืจืš ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื.


10. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืฆื•ื’ (ืคืกืงื™ื ื•ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื”ืข"ื– ืกื‘) ื›ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืœื ื–ื›ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืจื™"ื“ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืขืจ ื›ื™ ืื™ืœื• ื”ื›ื™ืจื•ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœื™ื”.


11. ื•ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžืช ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืขืœ ืืชืจ (ืกื™ืžืŸ ื›ื’'), ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื”ื•ืฆืื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื. ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคืจื™ื” ื—ื•ืฅ ื’ื•ืคื™ืช, ื•ืื›ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืคื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืกืจ ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฆื‘, ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ืืœ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ืœืง ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืงื• ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ืจื‘ื ื™ ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ, ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื ืฉืžืช ืื‘ืจื”ื (ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ื›ื’).


12. ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืชืจืฆื• ืืช ืงื•ืฉื™ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืคื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืžื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ืืžืชื• ื•ื›ื•'. ื ืจืื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื•, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ืœื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ืจืง ื›ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ืœื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืฉื—ืชื”, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืื•ืชื ืงื‘ืขื• ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืื“ื ืžื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”. ื›ืจืื™ื” ืœื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื”ื "ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื–"ืœ ืœืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื™ื ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ (ื ื“ื” ื™ื’,ื ื“"ื” ื ืฉื™ื ื“ืœืื•) ืœืคื™ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืงืฉื” ืขืฆืžื• ืœื“ืขืช ื™ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื›ืœืœ ืื™ื ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ื ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื–ื” ืขืœ ืื“ื ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœืขืฆืžื• ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืืฃ ืœื• ื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”.


ื™ืฉ ืœืฆืจืฃ ืœื›ืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื ื“ื” ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื” ืœื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื (ื‘ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจ"ืช ืฉื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจ"ื• ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืžื™ืœื ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ืžื—ื“, ื•ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉื˜ืจื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžืื™ื“ืš ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”). ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืจื•ื—ื ืคืขืจืœื (ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืจืก"ื’ ืขืž' ืงืžื‘,ื‘) ื›ื™ ืœืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืจืง ื”ืžืฉื—ื™ืช ื–ืจืขื• ื‘ืชืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ื•ืืœื• ื”ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ 'ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื“ืจืš ืžืงืจื” ื‘ืขืœืžื', "ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉื” ื–ื• ื›ืœืœ". ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ื• ืœืคื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื”ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”'ืžืงืฉื” ืขืฆืžื• ืœื“ืขืช' ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืกื›ื ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืฉืชืงืขื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื™ืจื” ืœื™ืฆืจ ื•ืœืชืื•ื•ื” ืืฃ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืžืขืฉื” ืขืฆืžื• ืื™ื ื ื• ืืกื•ืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื™ืŸ, ืขื•ืœื” ืืฃ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš (ืื•"ื— ืจืžื• ื) ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ืชืื•ื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžืฉ ืขื ืืฉืชื• ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื”: "ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ (ื•ืœืฉืžืฉ ืขื ืืฉืชื•) ืืœื ืฉืžืขื•ืจืจ ืชืื•ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืœืื•ืช ืชืื•ืชื•, ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืขืฆืช ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื™ืกื™ืชื ื• ืืœ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ืืžืจื• ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื–"ืœ ื”ืžืงืฉื” ืขืฆืžื• ืœื“ืขืช ื™ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ื“ื•ื™". ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ื›ืœืคื™ 'ื”ื ื•ืืฃ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื•', ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ื‘ืข ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ืื“ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืืœื ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง ื•ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืื“ื ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื™ืฆืจื• ื•ืžื•ืฉื›ื• ืขืœื™ื•. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื” ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ื‘"ืฉ (ืกื™' ืงืขื) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” "ืฉื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื”ืคืœื™ื’ ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉืžืจ ืื“ื ืžื”ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ื”ืŸ". ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืขื ืคืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ื›ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืจืื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœืฉื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื ื‘ื›ืกื ืจื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืžืกื›ืช ื›ืœื”.


13. ืจืื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืืชืจ, ื•ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืกื•ืคืจ (ืื”ืข"ื– ืงื–) ืฉืืฃ ืฉืกื•ืžืš ืขืœ ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ืจืง ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง, ืžื•ื“ื” ื›ื™ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื“ืขื” ื–ื•, ื•ื‘ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” (ืื”ืข"ื– ืกื’) ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ "ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื" ืคืกืงื• ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื“ืขื” ื–ื•. ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื‘ื“ืง ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืฉืจ"ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื• ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืžืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ืจืช ืฉ"ื™ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ"ื™ ืกื•ืชืจื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ืืœื ืฉืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ื”ื—ื˜ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ืจืง ื‘ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืœื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืฉื—ืชื”, ื•ืœื ื‘ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื–ืจืข ืœืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืชืื•ื•ืชื•, ื•ืืฃ ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ื™ื™ืง ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืขืฆืžื. ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ื ื›ืชื‘ ืืฃ ื”ืจื‘ ื’ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืžืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืš ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ.


14. ืจืื• ื™ื•"ื“ ืงืคื“ ื™, ื•ืคืชื—ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ื‘ ืฉื, ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื“ืจืš ืœืคืงื•ื“ ืืช ืืฉืชื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื•"ื“ ืงืฆื– ืคืชื—ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื—. ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ื™ื•"ื“ ืขื, ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื“ืจืš ืœืคืงื•ื“ ืืช ืืฉืชื• ื˜ืจื ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืืฃ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœื•ื•ืกืช: "ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืฉ ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื˜ื ืฉืœ ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉื™ื—ื ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ื•ืฉ ื—"ื• ืœืงืœืงื•ืœื, ื•ืคืงื“ืช ื ื•ืš ื•ืœื ืชื—ื˜ื ื›ืชื™ื‘". ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘'ื“ื•ืจ ื™ืชื•ื ื–ื”' ืœื”ื˜ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ืฃ ืœืงื•ืœื ืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืจ ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ื•"ื“ ืงืกื”. ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง (ืื”ืข"ื– ืฆื) ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืฉืœืฉ ื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืš ื›ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ืชื™ืจื• ืœืื“ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื–ืจืข, ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืžื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ืืœื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืคืœ ืื™ืœื• ืืกืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ืœืฉืžืฉ ืขื ืืฉืชื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจื”.


15. ืจืื• ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื™, ื™ื’. ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืžืขื™ืœ ืฆื“ืงื” (ืกื™' ื ื) ืžืฉืžืข ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืขื•ื ื” ืืœื ื›ืชืงื ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ื ืฆืจื›ืช ืœื’ื“ื•ืจ ืืช ืคื™ืจืฆืช ื”ื“ื•ืจ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” (ืื”ืข"ื– ื’, ื›ื—) ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”, ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืคืจื•ืฅ ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”"ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื•ืชืื•ื•ื”" ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืขืฆืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื›ื™ ืื ื’ื“ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื” ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉ. ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช (ืขืž' ืฆื—) ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉ"ืื ืœืคื™ 'ืคืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจ' ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ืฉื•"ืช ืžืขื™ืœ ืฆื“ืงื” ื›ืš, ืžื” ื ืขื ื” ืื ืŸ ืื‘ืชืจื™ื”, ืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื—ืœืœื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื ืชืžืœื ืžื–ื”, ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืกืชืขืฃ ืžื–ื” ื‘ืžื–ื’ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ืช, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ"


16. ื›ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ื—ื›ืžืช ืฉืœืžื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืื”ืข"ื– ื›ื’) ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื›ื™ 'ื˜ื•ื‘' ืœื• ืœืื“ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื–ืจืข ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• ืื ื‘ื›ืš ื™ืฆื™ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืžืœื‘ื•ื ืขืœ ืขืจื•ื•ื” ืื• ืขืœ ืืฉืชื• ื‘ื ื“ืชื”. ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื”, ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื–ืจืข ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืœืœ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”. ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื’ (ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืžื’) ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ื™ ืขืฆื” ื–ื• ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืืฃ ื›ืฉื”ืื“ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœื‘ื•ื ืขืœ ืคื ื•ื™ื” ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจื” ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ืฉื’ื ื›ืืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืžื ื• ืžืฆื™ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืœืœ. ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” (ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ื”ืขืจื” ืง) ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื™ืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื™ืฉื ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื™ืœื“ ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืจืข ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืฉื”ืชื™ืจื• ื–ืืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืจืช ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื•ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืืช ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”


17. ืืžื ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ 'ืœืงื“ืฉ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืฉืขืช

ื”ืจืฉืžื• ื•ืงื‘ืœื• ืื—ืช ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ื›ื™ืฃ ืฉื ืจืฉืžืชื! ื”ืคืชืขื” ืžื—ื›ื” ืœื›ื ื‘ืžื™ื™ืœ

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ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื•ืื”ื‘ืชื

 

ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ื—ืฉืง

ื•ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ื•ืช

ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืช

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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืืชื›ื ืœืžืงืกื ืืช ืื”ื‘ืชื›ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ื”ืžืงื™ืคื”

ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ืงื”

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